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Eco-Terrorism: Radical Environmental and Animal Liberation Movements, by Donald R. Liddick
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Radical environmentalism and its progeny, eco-terrorism, is a modern phenomenon. It is a movement far removed from the elite conservationists of the late 1800s and the mainstream environmental groups that emerged later. Drawn from the same pool of concerned individuals who comprise memberships in groups like Greenpeace, the Sierra Club, and the Wilderness Society, disaffected environmentalists have turned from political lobbying to direct action in the form of widespread property destruction and other types of crime and terror. Here, the author exposes the activities of radical groups determined to make their mark in the movement to protect the earth and its creatures from those they view as predators. He covers the major groups as well as less well-known ones and provides a careful portrait of who they are, what they do, and how to address them.
The growth, from the 1980s through the present day, of organizations involved in eco-terror is noticeable and significant. Such groups have caused millions of dollars worth of damage throughout the country. The FBI estimates that the ALF/ELF have committed more than 600 criminal acts in the United States since 1996, resulting in damages in excess of $43 million. Tactics include pulling up survey stakes, tree-spiking, arson, and other methods. Most groups will claim responsibility for their actions, just as other types of terrorist groups will take responsibility for theirs.
Eco-Terrorism takes an objective look at the most radical groups and their terrorist activities in the United States, including case examples and analysis of the methods and rhetoric the groups employ. It uncovers the losses both to individuals and the community as a result of these methods, and it describes the ideologies, motivations, history, and activities of the political movements that have been labeled environmental terrorism.
- Sales Rank: #1996116 in eBooks
- Published on: 2006-10-30
- Released on: 2006-10-30
- Format: Kindle eBook
Review
"In this study of criminality within the radical environmental movement, Liddick promises to pursue and present research findings in an evenhanded manner, noting that the term terrorism does not seem to be warranted in descriptions of radical environmentalist tactics. Nonetheless, he refers to all such acts as eco-terrorism and concludes by speculating that some ecoradicals would not hesitate to destroy humankind in order to save the planet and its nonhuman inhabitants. The author offers a typology of radical tactics along with data on recent actions that suggest increasing tendencies toward violence, in combination with a public opinion survey and interviews with accused or incarcerated activists that show some attitudinal support for his thesis….[t]his book provides a decent introduction to its subject. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty." - Choice
"Adopting the terminology of the hard right in the US, Liddick explains not only how environmental and animal rights movements break laws, but also explains what they think and how they feel while they do it." - Reference & Research Book News
About the Author
Donald R. Liddick is Associate Professor of Administration of Justice at the University of Pittsburgh, Greensburg. He is the author of The Global Underworld (Praeger, 2004) and other books and articles that have appeared in various journals.
Most helpful customer reviews
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Complete, Comprehensive
By Someone's Mom
This is by far the most comprehensive examination I have seen yet of the eco-terrorist or radical environmentalist movement. In particular, the chapter on ideology and philosophy is outstanding. The format of the book is to trace the evolution of radical environmentalism from the mainstream environmentalist movement, going back to the earliest days of "environmentalism" which grew out of opposition to the Industrial Revolution. Unfortunately, Liddick's decision to remain "neutral" means that the book ends up providing less than a full grounding in contemporary issues. In particular, he does not take any sort of stance on the recent decisions by the FBI and COngress to treat ecoterrorism as "domestic terror", how the Patriot Act can now be applied to enviornmentalist movements and whether or not this will be overall civil disobedience and activism in the environmental sphere more difficult. He also doesn't discuss the ways in which the courts have used legislation like RICO to prosecute mainstream environmetnalist movements which might aid and abet ecoterror through tracing funds to see if they are engaging in money laundering. Liddick is so clearly an expert in this field that I would have preferred to hear more of his own opinions on the subject,in addition to being enlightened by the thorough and comprehensive way he lays out the issues.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A SURPRISINGLY "BALANCED" AND OBJECTIVE TREAMENT OF A CONTROVERSIAL SUBJECT
By Steven H Propp
Donald R. Liddick is an associate professor of Administration of Justice at the University of Pittsburgh, Greensburg; he is also the author of Crimes Against Nature: Illegal Industries and the Global Environment and The Global Underworld: Transnational Crime and the United States (International and Comparative Criminology).
He wrote in the first chapter of this 2006 book, "This is an academic study of a social phenomenon. Therefore, no political or philosophical position will be advanced, either for or against the groups/movements examined... radical environmentalism and animal rights activism are at the epicenter of a highly charged political debate. Therefore, extra care will be taken to pursue and present research findings in an evenhanded manner." (Pg. 7)
He observes, "Since its inception Greenpeace ... has always advocated nonviolent protest, choosing to disrupt and confront in the tradition of nonviolent civil disobedience. On the other hand, Greenpeace activists have themselves met with violent attacks on several occasions." (Pg. 16) He asserts, "while there is no doubt that the vast majority of animal right proponents are dedicated to protecting all animal life... progressive radicalization is nevertheless producing a new fringe of extremists who... have decided that the scale of non-human suffering is great enough to morally justify violent attacks against humans. In this extreme, the activities of some animal rights groups and individuals are properly labeled as terrorism." (Pg. 38)
He notes, "PETA has also taken out full-page ads endorsing ALF [Animal Liberation Front] criminality... PETA cofounders Alex Pacheco and Ingrid Newkirk have repeatedly expressed support for ALF criminality... Newkirk has expressed remorse that she does not personally have the 'guts to light a match.'" (Pg. 51) He records, "While for a large number of records the group or individual responsible for the criminal action was not known, by far the single most prolific group was the Animal Liberation Front.... ALF was responsible for 1,116 actions, or 39.3% of all events recorded." (Pg. 75)
He concludes, "The future does not look bright for ELF, ALF, and the rest of the radical environmental and animal liberation movement participants. Although some drastic and costly attacks have generated media attention and framed radical groups like PETA and Greenpeace as comparatively moderate, changes in societal use of animals and environmental protection have been incremental and slight... such goals as ending the use of animals for any reason, setting aside massive tracts of wilderness on a global scale, and engineering the downfall of modern technological civilization remain remote and almost certainly unattainable." (Pg. 99)
He argues, "Mainstream animal welfare and animal rights people see PETA and ALF as detrimental to their cause, while nasty splits like the one witnessed in Earth First! exemplify major disagreements over movement direction. Some activists I spoke to informally complained of egos or personalities becoming more important than the animals or the environment... (Some) noted the problem of a lack of dedication among many activists, whose motivation often amounts to little more than teen angst. One... believes that the feminist faction in the animal rights movement is especially counterproductive." (Pg. 108-109)
Liddick's book contains a vast amount of information, and---as he vowed---he manages to keep from asserting his personal beliefs to an amazing extent. (Although one suspects he is most sympathetic of the "non-extreme" environmentalist and animal rights movements.)
1 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
"Eco-Terrorism" - More Than Just A Label - Actually a Good Read
By Carl
This book is a good introduction to "eco-terrorism" but it could also be a bit of a propaganda piece. It is published by Praeger Publishers which has a reputation for being influenced by Intelligence agencies. The author may provide weak support for environmentalist arguments before allowing same to be knocked down. There is use of the Unabomber's case in connection with environmentalism which may be use of associating someone who is less connected with environmentalism in order to more easily criminalize it. Other sources do this too. All in all the book is good reading and even good for environmentalists who support direct action to read. Liddick does distinguish between lesser crimes that may currently be linked to terrorism of the environmental kind and should not be and those while perhaps still "only" being property damage are nevertheless serious crimes indeed and perhaps best to remain as terrorist. The discussion of Matza & Sykes "techniques of neutralization" with respect to juvenile delinquency and how that might relate to environmentalist crimes was interesting but I did wonder if Liddick and the authorities are not using their own techniques of neutralization. I have Liddick's "Crimes Against Nature" on order and hope to read it soon. Praeger Publishers has also published "The Rise of the Anti-Corporate Movement" by Evan Osborne and I have that on order too.
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